气道管理模拟教学课程的开发与实践研究

目的通过气道管理模拟训练使低年资医务人员掌握基础气道管理的知识,熟练运用各类气道处理工具,拥有正确处置困难气道的能力。方法挑选资深医学模拟训练导师,组建气道管理模拟培训项目团队;开发气道管理模拟医学培训课程;通过视频教学与实践相结合的综合模拟教学形式,对219名学员进行基于模拟教学的气道管理培训;并通过柯氏评估模型对采集的描述性资料进行效果分析。结果成功开发"东方气道模拟训练"课程,交付完整课程包,包含双语版气道管理学员教材、气道管理模拟训练导师手册、标准化教学视频等。经过模拟训练,学员较好地掌握了气道管理技能,超过90.86%的学员技能考核成绩在80分以上。学员对课程整体满意度达97%以上,99%的学员表示培训帮助自己提升了临床处理的信心,98%的学员表示应该在医务人员中推广该培训。结论气道模拟训练课程将气道技术训练、正确的临床决策及实境模拟三者合一,显著提升了低年资医护人员基础气道管理技能,增强了诊治患者的自信心,提高了患者安全。     

Problem-based learning (PBL) and speech-language pathology: A tutorial

The aim of this tutorial is to provide an introduction to problem-based learning (PBL), particularly as applied to speech-language pathology (SLP) programs. The tutorial is aimed at the reader who is less familiar with this learning approach. Additionally, it serves as a framework for the articles that follow in this special issue on PBL programs in SLP and other clinical education programs. A brief history of PBL is provided and the rationale and context for this approach are identified. PBL is defined and differentiated from related educational approaches. Different models and variations of PBL are outlined. The key components of PBL are further illustrated using the tutorial cycle. Finally, we present one specific case of a PBL-based SLP program in detail. This tutorial will provide a deeper understanding of PBL for many higher educators in SLP. The strengths of this approach are outlined and the challenges are identified, particularly for those contemplating converting an existing “traditional” course or curriculum.     

A mentorship-based preclinical elective increases exposure,confidence, and interest in surgery

Background

The predicted shortage of surgeons is of growing concern with declining medical student interest in surgical careers. We hypothesized that earlier exposure to operative experiences and the establishment of resident mentors through a preclinical elective would enhance student confidence and interest in surgery.

Methods

We developed a preclinical elective in surgery, which served as an organized curriculum for junior medical students to experience surgery through a paired resident-mentorship model. We assessed student exposure and confidence with clinical activities before and after the elective (N = 24, 100% response rate). We compared these students with a cohort of peers not enrolled in the elective (N = 147, 67% response rate).

Results

We found significantly improved confidence (2.8 vs 4.4) and clinical exposure (2.4 vs 4.3) before versus after the elective, with precourse scores equal to matched peers.

Conclusions

This elective incorporates elements that have been shown to positively influence student decision making in surgical career choice. The mentorship model promotes residents as educators, whereas the elective provides a means for early identification of students interested in surgery.     

暑期学校课程的实践与思考

暑期学校是我国高校教学组织方式的重要变革,目的是为了最大限度地利用学校有限的教学资源,满足学生的学习需求.近些年,国内多所高校对暑期学校的开设进行了卓有成效的探索,本文结合北京中医药大学开办暑期学校的实践,分析课程开设情况并总结经验,以期对今后中医药院校暑期学校课程设置提供借鉴.     

基于网站调研的智能医学工程专业设置和培养方案分析

目的　分析我国智能医学工程专业设置和培养方案的现状。方法　通过网站调研获取该专业的开设学校、开设年份、招生计划、培养目标和课程等信息。利用Excel进行统计分析。结果　①2018至2021年,共有48所高校被批准开设智能医学工程专业,以经济发达地区为主,人才培养规模为每年近2 400人。②获取47所高校智能医学工程专业的所属学院信息,其中59%（13/22）的综合性高校将该专业归属医学相关的学院。③获取40所高校的专业培养目标,重点培养学生具备大数据智能处理和软件研发能力,其中12所高校还要求学生掌握硬件研发能力。④计算机科学与技术、基础医学、临床医学和生物医学工程是该专业的主干学科,专业核心课程主要包括计算机语言和人工智能相关课程。结论　随着人工智能技术在医疗卫生领域的发展,我国智能医学工程专业教育快速兴起,但对专业人才的培养还处于探索阶段,建议国家有关部门出台相关指导性意见。     

专门用途英语视角下英语课程设置改革效果分析——以重庆医科大学为例

目的　分析专门用途英语（English for specific purposes,ESP）背景下重庆医科大学本科英语课程设置改革成效。方法　采用问卷法对重庆医科大学2018级护理本科生英语课程设置需求进行问卷调查。根据问卷调查结果制定改进措施,并在2019级护理本科生护理英语教学中实施1学期。通过问卷调查学生对英语课程设置改革的满意度。对收集到的数据用SPSS统计学软件统计各选项人数与占比。结果　2019级护理本科生对本校英语课程设置改革的满意度为56.78%（272/479）,对护理专业英语课程设置满意度达到88.1%（422/479）。结论　医学院校专门用途英语课程设置改革应充分考虑学习者的学习需求和职业目标需求,课堂教学中尽量为学习者提供口语和阅读训练的机会。另外,ESP教师团队成员可以通过集体备课提高其在专业英语教学方面的能力和信心。基于需求分析的课程设置有利于提高英语教学效果。     

Implementation of a Cross-specialty Training Program in Basic Laparoscopy

Background and Objectives:

Several surgical specialties use laparoscopy and share many of the same techniques and challenges, such as entry approaches, equipment, and complications. However, most basic training programs focus on a single specialty. The objective of this study was to describe the implementation of a regional cross-specialty training program for basic laparoscopy, to increase the flexibility of educational courses, and to provide a more efficient use of simulation equipment.

Methods:

Using a regional training program in basic laparoscopy for gynecology as a model, we developed a cross-specialty training program for residents in surgery, gynecology, urology, and thoracic surgery. We reviewed data on training for the first year of the program and evaluated the program by using a scoring system for quality criteria for laparoscopic curricula and skills.

Results:

We held 6 full-day theoretical courses involving 67 residents between September 1, 2013, and August 31, 2014. In the weeks following each course, residents practiced in a self-directed, distributed, and proficiency-based manner at a simulation center and in local hospital departments. A total of 57 residents completed the self-practice and a subsequent practical animal laboratory–based course. The structure of the training program was evaluated according to identified quality criteria for a skills laboratory, and the program scored 38 of a maximum 62 points.

Discussion:

Implementation of a regional cross-specialty training program in basic laparoscopy is feasible. There are several logistic benefits of using a cross-specialty approach; however, it is important that local departments include specialty-specific components, together with clinical departmental follow-up.     

Surgical instrument standardization – A pilot cost consciousness curriculum for surgery residents

IntroductionSurgical cost is astronomical in the US and instrument standardization is one potential mechanism for cost savings. This study describes a core competency based, multidisciplinary curriculum and evaluates resident attitudes towards operating room equipment standardization.Materials and methodsAs part of a quality improvement initiative, surgery residents participated in an hour-long mixed curriculum consisting of brief didactics and small group exercises. Participants developed an equipment standardization plan for laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy. Participants also completed surveys to assess their attitudes towards 11 potential barriers to implementation as “improves, no change, or worsens”.ResultsFifteen general surgery residents participated. In general, participants felt that standardization improves or does not change metrics including surgeon autonomy, resident training experience, and patient safety.ConclusionOur pilot curriculum addresses a gap in resident education about surgical cost. Residents generally regard equipment standardization as either improving or not changing hospital metrics.